Porifera - Sponges
The following table lists the species in this taxon assessed under the Singapore Red List, which is also published in the third edition of the Singapore Red Data Book.
You may find information for the conservation statuses assessed in the second edition Singapore Red Data Book (RDB2) and third edition Singapore Red Data Book (RDB3).
The information below is accurate as at the time of the listing online for the taxon.
Checklist of Porifera Species with their Category of Threat Status for Singapore
Prepared by Lim Swee Cheng
|
Family
|
Genus
|
Species
|
Authority
|
Common Name
|
RDB2
|
RDB3
|
|
Chondrosiidae
|
Chondrosia
|
corticata
|
Thiele, 1900
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Chondrosiidae
|
Chondrilla
|
australiensis
|
Carter, 1873
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Chondrosiidae
|
Chondrilla
|
mixta
|
Schulze, 1877
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Ianthellidae
|
Hexadella
|
indica
|
Dendy, 1905
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Pseudoceratinidae
|
Pseudoceratina
|
purpurea
|
(Carter, 1880)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Darwinellidae
|
Chelonaplysilla
|
erecta
|
(Row, 1911)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Dysideidae
|
Dysidea
|
frondosa
|
Bergquist, 1995
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Dysideidae
|
Lamellodysidea
|
herbacea
|
(Keller, 1889)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Irciniidae
|
Ircinia
|
irregularis
|
(Poléjaeff, 1884)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Irciniidae
|
Ircinia
|
ramosa
|
(Keller, 1889)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Spongiidae
|
Coscinoderma
|
matthewsi
|
(Lendenfeld, 1886)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Spongiidae
|
Hippospongia
|
mollissima
|
Lendenfeld, 1889
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Spongiidae
|
Hyattella
|
intestinalis
|
(Lamarck, 1814)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Spongiidae
|
Hyattella
|
tubaria
|
(Lamarck, 1814)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Spongiidae
|
Spongia (Spongia)
|
ceylonensis
|
Dendy, 1905
|
Bath Sponge
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Thorectidae
|
Dactylospongia
|
elegans
|
(Thiele, 1899)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Thorectidae
|
Hyrtios
|
erectus
|
(Keller, 1889)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Thorectidae
|
Lendenfeldia
|
chondrodes
|
(De Laubenfels, 1954)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Thorectidae
|
Luffariella
|
variabilis
|
(Poléjaeff, 1884)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia (Callyspongia)
|
ramosa
|
(Gray, 1843)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia (Callyspongia)
|
serpentina
|
(Lamarck, 1814)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia (Callyspongia)
|
diffusa
|
(Ridley, 1884)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia (Callyspongia)
|
fibrosa
|
(Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia (Callyspongia)
|
samarensis
|
(Wilson, 1925)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia (Cladochalina)
|
spinosissima
|
(Dendy, 1887)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia (Euplacella)
|
cf. communis
|
(Carter, 1881)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia (Toxochalina)
|
dendyi
|
(Burton, 1931)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia (Toxochalina)
|
folioides
|
(Bowerbank, 1875)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia
|
aurantiaca
|
(Lendenfeld, 1887)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia
|
euplax
|
(Lendenfeld, 1887)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia
|
globosa
|
Pulitzer-Finali, 1982
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Family
|
Genus
|
Species
|
Authority
|
Common Name
|
RDB2
|
RDB3
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia
|
joubini
|
(Topsent, 1897)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Callyspongiidae
|
Callyspongia
|
spinulosa
|
(Lendenfeld, 1887)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Chalinidae
|
Haliclona (Gellius)
|
amboinensis
|
(Lévi, 1961)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Chalinidae
|
Haliclona (Gellius)
|
cymaeformis
|
(Esper, 1794)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Chalinidae
|
Haliclona (Rhizoniera)
|
australis
|
(Lendenfeld, 1888)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Chalinidae
|
Haliclona
|
baeri
|
(Wilson, 1925)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Chalinidae
|
Haliclona
|
koremella
|
De Laubenfels, 1954
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Niphatidae
|
Gelliodes
|
fibulata
|
(Carter, 1881)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Niphatidae
|
Gelliodes
|
spinosella
|
Thiele, 1899
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Petrosiidae
|
Acanthostrongylophora
|
ingens
|
(Thiele, 1899)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Petrosiidae
|
Neopetrosia
|
carbonaria
|
(Lamarck, 1814)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Petrosiidae
|
Neopetrosia
|
compacta
|
(Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Petrosiidae
|
Neopetrosia
|
chaliniformis
|
(Thiele, 1899)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Petrosiidae
|
Neopetrosia
|
similis
|
(Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Petrosiidae
|
Petrosia (Petrosia)
|
hoeksemai
|
De Voogd & Van Soest, 2002
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Petrosiidae
|
Xestospongia
|
testudinaria
|
(Lamarck, 1815)
|
Barrel Sponge
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Petrosiidae
|
Xestospongia
|
vansoesti
|
Nishiyama & Bakus, 2000
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Phloeodictyidae
|
Oceanapia
|
sagittaria
|
(Sollas, 1902)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Phloeodictyidae
|
Siphonodictyon
|
maldiviense
|
(Calcinai et al., 2007)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Phloeodictyidae
|
Siphonodictyon
|
mucosum
|
Bergquist, 1965
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Scopalinidae
|
Stylissa
|
carteri
|
(Dendy, 1889)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Scopalinidae
|
Stylissa
|
massa
|
(Carter, 1887)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Raspailiidae
|
Echinodictyum
|
asperum
|
Ridley & Dendy, 1886
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Raspailiidae
|
Echinodictyum
|
conulosum
|
Kieschnick, 1900
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Raspailiidae
|
Echinodictyum
|
lacunosum
|
Kieschnick, 1901
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Raspailiidae
|
Echinodictyum
|
mesenterinum
|
(Lamarck, 1814)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Raspailiidae
|
Raspailia (Parasyringella)
|
nuda
|
Hentschel, 1911
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Raspailiidae
|
Thrinacophora
|
cervicornis
|
Ridley & Dendy, 1886
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Desmanthidae
|
Desmanthus
|
rhabdophorus
|
(Hentschel, 1912)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Dictyonellidae
|
Acanthella
|
cavernosa
|
Dendy, 1922
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Biemnidae
|
Biemna
|
fortis
|
(Topsent, 1897)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Ancorinidae
|
Ecionemia
|
acervus
|
Bowerbank, 1864
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Ancorinidae
|
Jaspis
|
splendens
|
(De Laudenfels, 1954)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Ancorinidae
|
Rhabdastrella
|
globostellata
|
(Carter, 1883)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Family
|
Genus
|
Species
|
Authority
|
Common Name
|
RDB2
|
RDB3
|
|
Ancorinidae
|
Stelletta
|
clavosa
|
Ridley, 1884
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Geodiidae
|
Geodia
|
distincta
|
Lindgren, 1897
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Geodiidae
|
Geodia
|
picteti
|
(Topsent, 1897)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Theonellidae
|
Theonella
|
cylindrica
|
Wilson, 1925
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Theonellidae
|
Theonella
|
laena
|
Lim & Tan, 2016
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Tetillidae
|
Cinachyrella
|
arabica
|
(Carter, 1869)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Tetillidae
|
Cinachyrella
|
australiensis
|
(Carter, 1886)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Tetillidae
|
Craniella
|
abracadabra
|
De Laubenfels, 1954
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Tetillidae
|
Paratetilla
|
bacca
|
(Selenka, 1867)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Agelasidae
|
Agelas
|
cavernosa
|
Thiele, 1903
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Agelasidae
|
Prosuberites
|
oleteira
|
De Laubenfels, 1957
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Acarnidae
|
Acarnus
|
primigenius
|
Hiemstra & Hooper, 1991
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Acarnidae
|
Acarnus
|
ternatus
|
Ridley, 1884
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Acarnidae
|
Acarnus
|
wolfgangi
|
Keller, 1889
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Acarnidae
|
Damiria
|
simplex
|
Keller, 1891
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Crambeidae
|
Monanchora
|
clathrata
|
Carter, 1883
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Crambeidae
|
Monanchora
|
unguiculata
|
(Dendy, 1922)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Coelosphaeridae
|
Forcepia (Foecepia)
|
vansoesti
|
Lim et al., 2012
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Guitarridae
|
Tetrapocillon
|
patbergquistae
|
Fromont et al., 2011
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Iotrochotidae
|
Iotrochota
|
baculifera
|
Ridley, 1884
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Iotrochotidae
|
Iotrochota
|
purpurea
|
(Bowerbank, 1875)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Isodictyidae
|
Coelocarteria
|
singaporensis
|
(Carter, 1883)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Microcionidae
|
Clathria (Clathria)
|
transiens
|
Hallmann, 1912
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Microcionidae
|
Clathria (Thalysias)
|
cervicornis
|
(Thiele, 1903)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Microcionidae
|
Clathria (Thalysias)
|
filifera
|
(Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Microcionidae
|
Clathria (Thalysias)
|
reinwardti
|
Vosmaer, 1880
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Microcionidae
|
Clathria (Thalysias)
|
robusta
|
(Dendy, 1922)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Microcionidae
|
Clathria (Thalysias)
|
toxifera
|
(Hentschel, 1912)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Microcionidae
|
Clathria (Thalysias)
|
vulpina
|
(Lamarck, 1814)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Microcionidae
|
Clathria (Wilsonella)
|
foraminifera
|
(Burton & Rao, 1932)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Microcionidae
|
Clathria (Wilsonella)
|
tuberosa
|
(Bowerbank, 1875)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Microcionidae
|
Holopsamma
|
laminaefavosa
|
(Carter, 1885)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Mycalidae
|
Mycale (Aegogropila)
|
crassissima
|
(Dendy, 1905)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Mycalidae
|
Mycale (Aegogropila)
|
sulevoidea
|
Sollas, 1902
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Family
|
Genus
|
Species
|
Authority
|
Common Name
|
RDB2
|
RDB3
|
|
Mycalidae
|
Mycale (Carmia)
|
murrayi
|
(Ridley & Dendy, 1886)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Mycalidae
|
Mycale (Mycale)
|
grandis
|
Gray, 1867
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Mycalidae
|
Mycale (Mycale)
|
indica
|
(Carter, 1887)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Mycalidae
|
Mycale (Mycale)
|
sulcata
|
Hentschel, 1911
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Mycalidae
|
Mycale (Zygomycale)
|
parishii
|
(Bowerbank, 1875)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Myxillidae
|
Psammochela
|
psammodes
|
(Hentschel, 1911)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Clionaidae
|
Cliona
|
orientalis
|
Thiele, 1900
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Clionaidae
|
Cliona
|
patera
|
(Hardwicke, 1820)
|
Neptune's Cup Sponge
|
Not Listed
|
CR
|
|
Clionaidae
|
Cliona
|
utricularis
|
Calcinai, Bavestrello & Cerrano, 2005
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Clionaidae
|
Spheciospongia
|
inconstans
|
(Dendy, 1887)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Clionaidae
|
Spheciospongia
|
lacunosa
|
(Kieschnick, 1898)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Clionaidae
|
Spheciospongia
|
purpurea
|
(Lamarck, 1815)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Clionaidae
|
Spheciospongia
|
vagabunda
|
(Ridley, 1884)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Spirastrellidae
|
Spirastrella
|
decumbens
|
Ridley, 1884
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Placospongiidae
|
Placospongia
|
carinata
|
(Bowerbank, 1858)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Placospongiidae
|
Placospongia
|
melobesioides
|
Gray, 1867
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Tethyidae
|
Tethya
|
robusta
|
(Bowerbank, 1873)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Tethyidae
|
Tethycometes
|
radicosa
|
Lim & Tan, 2008
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Suberitidae
|
Aaptos
|
suberitoides
|
(Brøndsted, 1934)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Suberitidae
|
Pseudosuberites
|
cava
|
Sollas, 1902
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Suberitidae
|
Suberites
|
diversicolor
|
Becking & Lim, 2009
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Suberitidae
|
Terpios
|
cruciata
|
(Dendy, 1905)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Suberitidae
|
Terpios
|
granulosa
|
Bergquist, 1967
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Halichondriidae
|
Amorphinopsis
|
excavans
|
Carter, 1887
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Halichondriidae
|
Axinyssa
|
pitys
|
(De Laubenfels, 1954)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Halichondriidae
|
Epipolasis
|
suluensis
|
(Wilson, 1925)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Halichondriidae
|
Halichondria (Halichondria)
|
cartilaginea
|
(Esper, 1794)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Spongillidae
|
Eunapius
|
conifer
|
(Annandale, 1916)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Clathrinidae
|
Clathrina
|
flexilis
|
(Haeckel, 1872)
|
|
Not Listed
|
DD
|
|
Clathrinidae
|
Clathrina
|
sororcula
|
Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Jenkinidae
|
Anamixilla
|
singaporensis
|
Van Soest & De Voogd, 2015
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
|
Jenkinidae
|
Uteopsis
|
argentea
|
(Poléjaeff, 1883)
|
|
Not Listed
|
LC
|
The list of the Categories used in 3rd edition of the Red List is:
|
|
Category
|
Abbreviation
|
Criteria
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Not Threatened
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Least Concern
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LC
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Not approaching the above criteria
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Near-Threatened
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NT
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Approaching but not yet reaching the threshold for the above criteria
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Threatened
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Vulnerable
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VU
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There are fewer than 1,000 mature individuals but more than 250 and there may or may not be any other evidence of decline, small range size or fragmentation.
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Endangered
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EN
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There are fewer than 250 mature individuals and no other evidence of decline or fragmentation.
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Critically Endangered
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CR
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There are fewer than 50 mature individuals, OR if more than 50 mature individuals but less than 250, with some evidence of decline or fragmentation.
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Extirpation
&
Extinction
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Presumed Nationally Extinct
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NEx
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The species is extinct (extirpated) within Singapore but it still survives outside Singapore.
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Globally Extinct
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EX
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The species is extinct all over the world, both in the wild and in cultivation
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Other Categories
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Data Deficient
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DD
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Inadequate information to make an informed assessment
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Not Applicable
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NA
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Species that are not eligible for assessment at the national level (mainly introduced taxa and vagrants)
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Not Evaluated
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NE
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Species that are possibly eligible for assessment but have not yet been evaluated against the criteria
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Not Listed
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NL
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Species not listed in the records (in the IUCN Global Red List database, or the first edition Singapore Red Data Book - RDB 1 and second edition Singapore Red Data Book - RDB 2) for whatever reason
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