Abstract:
Panellus, with Dictyopanus as a synonym, has 27 species in Malesia; 11 species (all new) are lamellate; 13 species (S new ) are poroid. Two new subgenera are made for species with more or less centric pileus and well-developed stem, namely Magalopanellus (1 species) and Mesopanellus (2 species), P. longinquus (Berk.) Singer is recorded tentatively for Queensland. New taxa in subgen. Panellus - lamellate species. P.      alutaceus, P. ambiguus, P. bambusarum, P. brunneomaculatus, P. dichotomous and var. pinnatus, P. exiguus, P. fuscatus, P. intermedius and var. stenoporus, P. parvulus, P. pendens, and P. sublevatus; as poriod species, P. albifavolus, P. bambusifavolus, P. brunneifavolus, P. hispidifavolus, P. megalosporus, P. microporus, and P. sublamelliformis; subgen. Megalopannellus, P. magnus; subgen. Mesopanellus, P. glutinosus, P. pyruliferus.

Abstract:
A new species of Platycerium from Peninsular Malaysia, P. platylobum Aziz Bidin & Razali Jaman is described.

Abstract:
A brief conspectus of the palaeotropic genera, regarded by the author as related to Tectaria Cav., is presented with comments on individual genera, descriptions of two new ones, Chlamydogramme and Megalastrum, some thoughts on inter-relationships, a key to the genera, and also brief comments on neotropic genera.

Abstract:
A new genus, Coveniella (Dryopteridaceae), composed of a single species, C. poecilophlebia (Hook.) Tind., comb. nov., is described. Two species of Lastreopsis (Dryopteridaceae) viz. L. tinarooensis and L. walleri as well as a species of Diplazium (Athyriaceae) viz. D. queenslandicum are also described as new.

Abstract:
Three endemic species, i.e., Cassine glauca (Rottb.) O.K., C. balae Kosterm. sp. nov., and C. congylos Kosterm sp. nov. occur in Sri Lanka.  Elaeodendron glaucum Roxb. is conspecific with C. balae, having a woody, very thick putamen and hardly any mesocarp. C. glauca O.K. has a thin putamen and plenty of juicy mesocarp.  C. congylos is based on Elaeodendron glaucum var. montanum Thw. The commonest species in South lndia is C. albens (Retz) Kosterm. comb. nov. (synonyms: C. roxburghii (W. & A.) Ramanoorthy and Neerija dichotoma Roxb.); much rarer is C. paniculata (W. & A.) Ramanoorthy.  A North Indian species is C. grossa (Roxb.) Kosterm. comb. nov., based on Euonymus grossa Wall. ex Roxb., in India it grows up to 2000 m altitude. The Javanese species, onginally desribed as Elaeodendron glaucum var. macrocarpum Kds. & Val. is raised to specific rank as Cassine koodersii Kosterm. sp. nov. The Moluccan species represents C. obiensis Kosterm., but the species from Timor island is kept separate (C. elliptica (Dec.) O.K.).

Abstract:
Two species of Pandanus occur on the remote Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), south of Java (105° 40" E, 40' E, 10° 31'S), although three binomials have been published.  The correct names for the species, a key for their identilication, synonymy, and descriptive notes with illustrations of new or distinctive Pandanus, closely related to P. tectorius Park., and especially so to P. platycarpus Warb. P. elatus is shown not to be a member of sect. Pandanus, as previously stated, but rather insect. Roussinia (of subg. Rykia), previously considered monotypic with P. leram and P. elatus, reveal their close relationship.

Abstract:
The two Bermuda grasses were introduced into Singapore in l981 for use in the Serapong Golf Course of Sentosa and Tana Merah Golf Course near the Changi Airport. The rooting medium for both courses is sand, and the turf was established by spring sowing. Tifgreen was used for the fairways and Tifdwarf for the greens. Cultural practices based on recommedations of the consultants to the two golf courses are desciibed. Observed pests and diseases are mentioned. It was the intention of the two Clubs to keep the introduced turf as pure cultures in the courses. Eventually it was decided that only the greens would be maintained as such as it was found too costly to do extensive weeding in Singapore where labour is relatively expensive and the invasion by local grasses and sedges overwhelming. Some of these are briefly described and/or featured in the various photographs. All in all it is reckoned that because of the ease of propagation and their fast growth, these Bermuda grasses do constitute an easy source of turf to green up a large area within a short time, although initial weeding is essential for proper establishment if spring sowing is done.

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Abstract:
The available-water-enhancing effects of the water-absorbent polymers, Agrosoke, Soiltex Gl and Terra-Sorb, on a typical local sandy-clay topsoil were evaluated, using Mussaenda Dona Luz, Tecomaria capensis, and Hibiscus rosa-chinensis as indicator plants.  Results did not indicate significant beneficial effects at the three rates of polymers used.  Instead, the practicability of using sludge to augment the water-holding capacity of the topsoil was validated.

Abstract:
Tectaria curtisii and T. translucens are described as new species, with comments on T. coadunuta (J. Sm.) C. Chr.. T. brachiata (Zoll. & Mor.) Morton and T. variolosa (Hook.) C. Chr.  Evidence is presented that the type specimen of Pteridrys acutissima Ching was probably collected on limestone and that the single collection of Hypodematium on limestone in Kelantan represents the species Hypodematium glabrius (Copel.) Holttum, comb. nov.

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Abstract:
Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., a common road-side tree of Singapore, was successfully mass  produced using the tissue culture technique. Nodal segments were the best explants as they could produce more multiple shoots than do shoot tips with BAP and 2ip treatments. The excised shoots were rooted in agar medium or sterilised sand, supplemented with IBA. The former was found superior. About 90% of the plantlets survived when transplanted to soil.

Abstract:
Continued from Gdns' Bull. Sing. 38 (1): 144.

Abstract:
The investigations carried out covering approximately half the species from virtually the entire geographical range of the genus Adiantum L. showed that there was a range of shape of the xylum strands proceeding by small steps from the simple ( deep-crescent type) to the intricate form (tong-shaped).  Eight types of xylem configurations were observed and the genus was subdivided accordingly.

Abstract:
The appearance and vegetation of the islets Babi Tengah, Baru, Berhala, Chibeh, Duchong, Gup, Labas, Pyah, Rengis, Sepoi, Setindan, Tokong Burong, and Tulai are compared with Tanjong Ruit in Tioman, as they were in 1932-1936. Their status as degenerate headlands in the Riouw Pocket is considered. The islets belong to three geological formations. Remains of the giant clam, Tridacna, were found on Pulau Tulai.

Abstract:
Five new species of the genus Homalomena (Araceae) from Sumatra are described and their relationships and chromosome numbers briefly discussed .Among them, Homalomena rusdii sp. nov. stands out by its free ligule at the petiole base and by its basal placentation of ovules.  Homalomena mixta is transferred to the genus Furtadoa on the basis of the floral characters.

Abstract:
Continued from Gdns' Bull. Sing. 37 (2): 179.

Abstract:
The genus Horsfieldia, extending from Ceylon to the Solomon Isls. is redefined to exclude the species formerly assigned to H. macrocoma. The remaining 100 species are subdivided into 3 sections, viz. (1) the monotypic section Horsfieldia with H. iryaghedhi from Ceylon, (2) section Irya (40 species) and (3) section Pyrrhosa (59 species). Section Irya contains chiefly species with a 2-valved perianth and is mainly distributed in East Malesia; the species of section Pyrrhosa have mainly a 3- or 4-valved perianth and occur in SE. continental Asia and W. Malesia, west of Wallace's Line.  A further subdivision of the sections into groups of species's of closer affinity is proposed and discussed in the introduction.  Warburg (1897) recognized 52 species, Sinclair (1974, 1975) accepted 38 and a number of varieties. The most important characters for the distinction of species are in the male flowers, especially the androecium. Of the presently accepted 100 species, 41 are newly described, and in addition, 14 are new subspecies and varieties. There are 6 new combinations. Most species have rather restricted but well-defined areas of distribution; H. irya has a very large range, covering almost that of the genus. The centres of species development are New Guinea and Borneo, and to a lesser extent Malaya-Sumatra.

Abstract:
Nephelium lappaceum produces either male or bisexual flowers. The anther development in both types of flowers is the same but those in the bisexual flowers do not dehisce even though their pollen is viable. The anther is tetrasporangiate and its wall development conforms to the basic type. Cytokinesis in microspore mother cells is simultaneous, forming tetrahedral tetrads. The mature pollen grains are tricolpate and two-celled. Only pollen grains from the male flower germinate in the conventional media. The ovule is anacampylotropous, bitegmic, crassinucellate and the micropyle is formed by the inner integument only. The embryo sac development is of the monosporic Polygonum type. Flower anthesis is at 0900-1100 hours and pollination is entomophilous.  Preliminary flower bagging experiments show that fruit formation is dependent on pollination. The average normal flower and fruit drop are 40% and 90% respectively. The endosperm development is ab initio Nuclear and cell formation commences at the micropylar end, proceeding towards the chalaza. The outer layers of the outer integument differentiate into the edible flesh of the fruit. The testa is formed mainly from the inner part of the outer integument and the few remaining layers of the inner integument at the micropylar region. The seed is non-endospermous and shows hypogeal germination. In fresh seeds, the average percentage germination is 96%, of which 2% of the seedlings give multiple shoots.

Abstract:
Rennellia (Rubiaceae) is revised for the Malay Peninsula. Four species are recognised, viz.. R.elongata (K.& G.) Ridl., R. paniculata K.& G. R. speciosa Hk. f. and a fourth, which resembles, but cannot be matched with certainty to. R. morindiformis (Korth.) Ridl. A key to the species and varieties is provided, and the taxa are enumerated with descriptions. R. paniculata var. condensa Wong is newly described.

Abstract:
Colocasia esculenta (Araceae), the Keladi or taro, is an ancient staple food crop of the Asian and Oceanic Pacific populations. In Peninsular Malaysia, collections have reached 50 cultivars but only two of them are commercially cultivated. Confusion exists in the identification of these cultivars, which is attributed to loose usage of vernacular names. In this study a key to these cultivars is presented, one which has been worked out from plants grown in situ and replanted in experimental plots. Only stable morphological and behavioural characteristics have been used in differentiating the cultivars.

Abstract:
Examination of Blume's type specimens shows that Chionanthus platycarpus (K. & G.) Kiew is synonymous with C. callophyllus Bl. and C. elaeocarpus (Stapf) Kiew is synonymous with C. macrocarpus Bl. Two new records of Chionanthus for Malaya are C. grandifolius (Elmer) Kiew (previously only recorded from the Philippines) and C. curvicarpus sp. nov. (formerly known as C. cuspidatus Bl. sensu Merrill).

Abstract:
Aniselytron Men. (Gramineae), better known as Aulacolepis Hack. (1934), non Ettingsh. (1893), has two species in S.E. Asia and Malesia. A key and descriptions are given, Anisachne Keng is reduced to Deyeuxia Beauv. and some new combinations in that related genus are proposed. Deyeuxia abnormis Hook. f. is not identical with D. zenkeri (Trin.) Veldk., which is enigmatic species known only from the type from the Nilgiris, India.

Abstract:
Preliminary work on pollen of the Oleaceae shows that it is of limited diagnostic value at the generic level. Small pollen grains (10-18u diameter) are recorded for Malesian species of Chionanthus, Myxopyrurn and Olea. The size of pollen grain is associated with style length.

Abstract:
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