Abstract:
A cladistic approach was undertaken to construct a phylogenetic classification of the Ophioglossaceae. The characters used are: rhizome, stele, leaf sheath, size and cutting of trophophyll, vascular branching in leaf axes, venation, position of sporophyll on trophophyll, form and construction of sporophyll, position and dehiscence of sporangia, and suspensor. Character state, primitive (plesiomorphic) vs. advanced (apomorphic), was estimated for each character.  Based on presumed character phylogenies, a cladogram representing phylogenic relationship was drawn. Although in previous classifications (e.g. Clausen, 1938) the Ophioglossaceae were classified into three genera, Botrychium sensu Clausen is not a monophyletic group.  In this paper I propose a new classification recognizing six genera and arrange them as in Cracrafts' (1974) sequence as follows: 1 (most primitive), Botrypus; 2, Japanobotrychium; 3-1, Sceptridium; 3-2, Helminthostachys; 4, Botrychium; 5 (most advanced), Ophioglossum.

Abstract:
The beginnings of the Herbarium and Arboretum of the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia at Kepong are documented, as are the roles of the people associated with these events and developments from British colonial times until Malayanisation in the 1960s. The Herbarium was founded by Alfred M. Burn-Murdoch, the first Chief Forest Officer of the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States in 1908. The Arboretum was begun in 1928-29, with James Watson (Forest Economist) and Frederick Foxworthy (Forest Research Officer) playing significant roles in its establishment. The influence of the government of the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States and the roles of Burn-Mundoch, Foxworthy, Watson, Symington and Wyatt-Smith, likewise of their colleagues and associates, in the development of botanical studies in Malay are traced from the beginning of the 20th Century, through military occupation during the Second World War, until the 1960s.

Abstract:
A plot of 0.5 ha in east central Halmahera in the Moluccas had 76 species, 31 families and 371 stems of trees >= 10 cm dbh. It differed substantially from plots enumerated previously in Seram.

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Abstract:
A report is given in detail on the behaviour of Anthreptes malacensis when visiting the inflorescence of Nicolaia elatior, with special reference to the Singapore Botanic Gardens. It is shown how in Nicolaia ornithophily became a realistic alternative to psychophily by the formation of a dense inflorescence unit, the main steps of which being the aggregation of flowers and the expansion of (sterile) bracts.

Abstract:
An inventory was carried out in Bukit Timah Nature Reserve to study the specific composition of the trees. For the sampling a systematic layout was used. The unit was a cluster, with 4 circular tenth acre sub-units, so that the area of each cluster is 0.4 acre.  Enumeration was done for all trees down to 24 inches (c. 61cm) gbh but for each cluster, in one of the circular subunits enumeration was down to 12 inches (c.30).5 cm). The idea was to have smaller-girthed trees to indicate recruitment. In all, the 20-cluster sample, covering some 8 acres (3.24 ha) yielded 889 trees, belonging to 44 known families with 212 species. Twenty individuals trees in 13 clusters could not be identified at all. The specific composition ot the forest conforms to that of a Coastal Hill forest according to Symington's classification of the forests of Peninsular Malaysia. The dipterocarps show family dominance with 125 individuals out of a total population of 889 trees while the family Euphorhiaceae show the highest number of genera (11) and the greatest number of species (22). The other families with species preponderance are the Anarcardiaceae, Burseraceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and Leguminosae. A parameter, called the Distribution Index (DI), is used to indicate spatial distribution (lateral spread) of the species within the community. This is smiply the number of clusters in which the species occurred, its number of individuals being ignored. It is reckoned that this parameter, tabulated side by side with the sample total of the species affords a quick visual appreciation of the ecological influence of the species.  In the sample, 121 species have been found to have a DI of unity, 41 with 2, 13 with 3, etc.  Only 5 species have a DI equal to or exceeding 10. A stand curve, and a species/area are given. The stand curve, an inverted "J", shows the typical content of uneven-aged stands and indicates good representation of trees in different girth classes. The species area curve does not show flattening out, indicating that the sample has not reached a size which would have included most of the species. For trees with gbh. >= 24 inches the mean density of the forest is 86 stems/acre compared to 103.3 stems acre for some stands in a similar forest type in Malaysia. The difference is found to be statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The Mischungsquotients, varing between 1.3 and 2,0, however, compare well with those of stands in Malaysia and indicate great complexity of species. The hypothesis is put forward that despite the small size of the Reserves and its isolated nature the species which are peculiar to the Coastal Hill Forest type and wielding structural and numerical dominance as a whole, would survive over a long period of time because their progeny have an innate ability to grow up in the shade within the ambit of the parent trees. Because of this, at any one time they have individuals of all sizes in the forest ranging from saplings through pole-sized to mature trees. This is a guarantee to species survival. On the other hand, species with low density which are not widespread and whose saplings require canopy opening to growup, may gradually die out, the reason being that the chance opening of the canopy in their vicinity may not coincide with their fruiting, and a tree may die before such opening. The demise of a tree itself can cause an opening in the canopy but again it may occur at a time when its saplings are completely absent. All these factors may lead to a decline in the overall floristic composition of the forest.

Abstract:
Panellus, with Dictyopanus as a synonym, has 27 species in Malesia; 11 species (all new) are lamellate; 13 species (S new ) are poroid. Two new subgenera are made for species with more or less centric pileus and well-developed stem, namely Magalopanellus (1 species) and Mesopanellus (2 species), P. longinquus (Berk.) Singer is recorded tentatively for Queensland. New taxa in subgen. Panellus - lamellate species. P.      alutaceus, P. ambiguus, P. bambusarum, P. brunneomaculatus, P. dichotomous and var. pinnatus, P. exiguus, P. fuscatus, P. intermedius and var. stenoporus, P. parvulus, P. pendens, and P. sublevatus; as poriod species, P. albifavolus, P. bambusifavolus, P. brunneifavolus, P. hispidifavolus, P. megalosporus, P. microporus, and P. sublamelliformis; subgen. Megalopannellus, P. magnus; subgen. Mesopanellus, P. glutinosus, P. pyruliferus.

Abstract:
A new species of Platycerium from Peninsular Malaysia, P. platylobum Aziz Bidin & Razali Jaman is described.

Abstract:
A brief conspectus of the palaeotropic genera, regarded by the author as related to Tectaria Cav., is presented with comments on individual genera, descriptions of two new ones, Chlamydogramme and Megalastrum, some thoughts on inter-relationships, a key to the genera, and also brief comments on neotropic genera.

Abstract:
A new genus, Coveniella (Dryopteridaceae), composed of a single species, C. poecilophlebia (Hook.) Tind., comb. nov., is described. Two species of Lastreopsis (Dryopteridaceae) viz. L. tinarooensis and L. walleri as well as a species of Diplazium (Athyriaceae) viz. D. queenslandicum are also described as new.

Abstract:
Three endemic species, i.e., Cassine glauca (Rottb.) O.K., C. balae Kosterm. sp. nov., and C. congylos Kosterm sp. nov. occur in Sri Lanka.  Elaeodendron glaucum Roxb. is conspecific with C. balae, having a woody, very thick putamen and hardly any mesocarp. C. glauca O.K. has a thin putamen and plenty of juicy mesocarp.  C. congylos is based on Elaeodendron glaucum var. montanum Thw. The commonest species in South lndia is C. albens (Retz) Kosterm. comb. nov. (synonyms: C. roxburghii (W. & A.) Ramanoorthy and Neerija dichotoma Roxb.); much rarer is C. paniculata (W. & A.) Ramanoorthy.  A North Indian species is C. grossa (Roxb.) Kosterm. comb. nov., based on Euonymus grossa Wall. ex Roxb., in India it grows up to 2000 m altitude. The Javanese species, onginally desribed as Elaeodendron glaucum var. macrocarpum Kds. & Val. is raised to specific rank as Cassine koodersii Kosterm. sp. nov. The Moluccan species represents C. obiensis Kosterm., but the species from Timor island is kept separate (C. elliptica (Dec.) O.K.).

Abstract:
Two species of Pandanus occur on the remote Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), south of Java (105° 40" E, 40' E, 10° 31'S), although three binomials have been published.  The correct names for the species, a key for their identilication, synonymy, and descriptive notes with illustrations of new or distinctive Pandanus, closely related to P. tectorius Park., and especially so to P. platycarpus Warb. P. elatus is shown not to be a member of sect. Pandanus, as previously stated, but rather insect. Roussinia (of subg. Rykia), previously considered monotypic with P. leram and P. elatus, reveal their close relationship.

Abstract:
The two Bermuda grasses were introduced into Singapore in l981 for use in the Serapong Golf Course of Sentosa and Tana Merah Golf Course near the Changi Airport. The rooting medium for both courses is sand, and the turf was established by spring sowing. Tifgreen was used for the fairways and Tifdwarf for the greens. Cultural practices based on recommedations of the consultants to the two golf courses are desciibed. Observed pests and diseases are mentioned. It was the intention of the two Clubs to keep the introduced turf as pure cultures in the courses. Eventually it was decided that only the greens would be maintained as such as it was found too costly to do extensive weeding in Singapore where labour is relatively expensive and the invasion by local grasses and sedges overwhelming. Some of these are briefly described and/or featured in the various photographs. All in all it is reckoned that because of the ease of propagation and their fast growth, these Bermuda grasses do constitute an easy source of turf to green up a large area within a short time, although initial weeding is essential for proper establishment if spring sowing is done.

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Abstract:
The available-water-enhancing effects of the water-absorbent polymers, Agrosoke, Soiltex Gl and Terra-Sorb, on a typical local sandy-clay topsoil were evaluated, using Mussaenda Dona Luz, Tecomaria capensis, and Hibiscus rosa-chinensis as indicator plants.  Results did not indicate significant beneficial effects at the three rates of polymers used.  Instead, the practicability of using sludge to augment the water-holding capacity of the topsoil was validated.

Abstract:
Tectaria curtisii and T. translucens are described as new species, with comments on T. coadunuta (J. Sm.) C. Chr.. T. brachiata (Zoll. & Mor.) Morton and T. variolosa (Hook.) C. Chr.  Evidence is presented that the type specimen of Pteridrys acutissima Ching was probably collected on limestone and that the single collection of Hypodematium on limestone in Kelantan represents the species Hypodematium glabrius (Copel.) Holttum, comb. nov.

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No abstract.

Abstract:
Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., a common road-side tree of Singapore, was successfully mass  produced using the tissue culture technique. Nodal segments were the best explants as they could produce more multiple shoots than do shoot tips with BAP and 2ip treatments. The excised shoots were rooted in agar medium or sterilised sand, supplemented with IBA. The former was found superior. About 90% of the plantlets survived when transplanted to soil.

Abstract:
Continued from Gdns' Bull. Sing. 38 (1): 144.

Abstract:
The investigations carried out covering approximately half the species from virtually the entire geographical range of the genus Adiantum L. showed that there was a range of shape of the xylum strands proceeding by small steps from the simple ( deep-crescent type) to the intricate form (tong-shaped).  Eight types of xylem configurations were observed and the genus was subdivided accordingly.

Abstract:
The appearance and vegetation of the islets Babi Tengah, Baru, Berhala, Chibeh, Duchong, Gup, Labas, Pyah, Rengis, Sepoi, Setindan, Tokong Burong, and Tulai are compared with Tanjong Ruit in Tioman, as they were in 1932-1936. Their status as degenerate headlands in the Riouw Pocket is considered. The islets belong to three geological formations. Remains of the giant clam, Tridacna, were found on Pulau Tulai.

Abstract:
Five new species of the genus Homalomena (Araceae) from Sumatra are described and their relationships and chromosome numbers briefly discussed .Among them, Homalomena rusdii sp. nov. stands out by its free ligule at the petiole base and by its basal placentation of ovules.  Homalomena mixta is transferred to the genus Furtadoa on the basis of the floral characters.

Abstract:
Continued from Gdns' Bull. Sing. 37 (2): 179.