Abstract:
Eleven species are added to the flora of Singapore as presented by Turner (1993).  Lecanopteris sinuosa (Polypodiaceae) was mistakenly omitted from that list.  Records of Dischidia complex (Asclepdiaceae), Grenacheria fulva (Myrsinaceae) and Microcos globulifera (Tiliaceae) were also overlooked.  Mangifera paludosa (Anacardiaceae) has recently been described from a pre-War Singapore collection.  Combretum tetralophum (Combretaceae), Korthalsia flagellaris (Palmae), Pouteria linggensis (Sapotaceae) and Sindora coriacea (Legiminosae) are native species that have newly been collected for the first time in Singapore.  The successful naturalization of Justicia procumbens (Acanthaceae) and Macroptilium atropurpureum (Leguminosae) is reported.

Abstract:
Six species of Olacaceae found in the Malay Peninsula were investigated for parasitism.  Root parasitism was observed only in Olax psittacorum and Ximenia americana var. americana but not in Strombosia javanica, Scorodocarpus borneensis, Ochanostachys amentacea and Erythropalum scandens.  Haustoria of the two parasitic species were found attached to a number of hosts indicating that they are non-host specific.  Anatomy of the haustoria revealed that the suckers of the haustoria form a cup-like structure around the stelar region of the host roots.

Abstract:
A total of 249 wild vascular plant species (15 ferns, 1 gymnosperm, 233 angiosperms) were collected on a succession of trips between 1991 and 1993 to the Sungei Buloh Nature Park.  The current flora includes mangrove and beach or coastal forest species but the majority are early successionals, native and exotic weeds and species associated with cultivation. Earlier collections from the Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, dating from the late 1880s to early 1900s were also included and these totalled 76 (1 club moss, 7 ferns and 68 angiosperms).  The original flora was very different and consisted mainly of lowland, or beach or coastal forest, and mangrove species.  The great change in species composition and the high number of weedy species in the current flora reflect major man-made changes to the environment.  Combining both historical and recent collections, the wild vascular plant flora of Sungei Buloh Nature Park totals 318 species (1 club moss, 21 ferns, 1 gymnosperm and 295 angiopserms).

Abstract:
Baccaurea scortechinii Hook.f. is a species distinct from B. parviflora (Mull. Arg.) Mull. Arg. recognised by a combination of the following characters: greater number of pairs of veins, proportionately wider leaf, shorter male and female inflorescences, position of the female inflorescence on the upper part of the trunk or on the branches, short pedicel of male flowers, longer sepals of the female flower, which are hoary outside, the rosy pink, obovoid ridged fruit (often with a wrinkled surface), which has a thick pericarp and up to six seeds.

Abstract:
Most notable among the 28 new records of flowering plant species from Singapore are the first record of Mukia maderaspatana (Cucurbitaceae) for both Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, the first record for several genera - Chonemorpha, Ichnocarpus and Kibatalia (Apocynaceae), Gymnanthera (Asclepiadaceae) and Scaphochlamys (Zingiberaceae) and  the two dipterocarps, Dipterocarpus elongatus and Shorea ochrophloia.

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A map of the 59 limestone localities in the Malaysian state of Sabah, Borneo, is presented together with a table with their co-ordinates, accepted name and the forest area in which they occur.

Abstract:
A list of the vascular plant species found on Pulau Tinggi in the district of Mersing, Johore, Peninsular Malaysia is presented. This has been prepared from herbarium collections in Malaysia and Singapore and covers more than 500 species. A brief outline of the vegetation type are given. Pulau Tinggi is mostly covered with lowland dipterocarp forest. The island has good examples of several coastal vegetation types which include the presence of a number of rare seashore species including Argusia argentea, Manilkara kauki, Pouteris linggensis and Serianthes grandiflora.

Book Review

Abstract:
Based on over four years of field studies, a revision of the palm genus Iguanura Bl. in Peninsular Malaysia is presented, listing 16 taxa including seven new species and one new variety.

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Abstract:
Taxonomic families of plants that characterize the lowland Malayan rain forest differ from one another nearly ten-fold in quantitative meaures of distribution and abundance. A 50-ha sample of 300,000 trees includes 814 species or fully one-fourth of the Malayan tree-flora. The median adult population size of trees and shrubs is a linear function of area. From the Pasoh equations, we can calculate the area needed to capture an adult population of a specific size for a particular fraction of the flora, i.e. for 90% of the Pasoh tree flora to be represented by more than 200 adults per species will require about 3000 ha of forest. These equations indicate how many species will have a specific population size within a forest, but not which species. I test the alternative hypothesis that the large characteristic families of the Malayan forest either do or do not differ more than 10-fold in median species abundance and species representation. The Pasoh data reject the latter hypothesis. The characteristics taxonomic families of the lowland forest, eg. Dipterocarpaceae. Sapotaceae and Burserace vary in representation from 10% of regional species to 60%, the power functions of species - area curves vary nearly 10-fold, and medianabundances vary from less than 1 to more than 10 individuals per ha. These flndings are confirmed in part from an analysis of the flora ot Singapore which, with regard to representation, illustrates patterns identical to those at Pasoh. The consequences for conservation are two-fold: (1) general conservation strategies should not be based on studies of focal families; (2) different taxonomic families of trees and shrubs will require very different strategies of reserve design for their conservation.

Abstract:
The Angsana wilt disease affecting Pterocarpus indicus in Singapore and caused by Fusarium oxysporum was first reported in Malacca in 1870. Following several outbreaks in various parts ot the Peninsular Malaysia the disease was recorded in Singapore in 1914 and by 1919 many of Singapore's Angsanas had either been killed by the disease was recorded in Singapore in 1914 and by 1919 many of Singapore's Angsanas had either been killed by the disease or removed to prevent its further spread. Sporadic occurrences of the disease occurred around Singapore between1970 and 1982 resulting in a rapid investigation of the disease and the implementation of control measures. Between 1980 and 1992, more than 800 Angsanas were removed as a consequence of the disease. Although both F. oxysporum , and F. solani were consistently isolated from infected trees only F. oxysporum proved to be pathogenic in inoculation experiments. During a 10 month period, 170 Angsana trees were inpected because they had symptons similar to the Angsana wilt disease. Of the 170 trees, 86% (147) were infested with F. oxysporum were the result of lightning strikes. Of the 147 infected trees, 90% had also been struck be lightning and 87% had both lightning and ambrosia beetle infestations. The remaining 15 trees (10%) which were not struck bv lightning were at secondary infection sites where an adjacent Angsana had already been removed because it was infected with F. oxysporum.  
The hypothesis presented here for the life cycle of the Angsana wilt disease is that lightning damage to an Angsana. provides the stress which attracts the ambrosia beetles. If these beetles are contaminated with F. oxysporum spores , then infection is likely to follow. The secondary spread away from this primary infection site, is by F. oxysporum which has entered the soil from the infected tree. Short term control startegies are discussed which include the rapid removal of all lightning damaged trees and the use of insecticides and fungcidies either sprayed or injected to prevent the establishment of new infection sites.; Long term control is anticipated following screening of Angsanas collected from a wide geographical area, and selection of resistence to F. oxysporum . 
Key Words: Ambrosia beetles; Angsana; Angsana wilt; Fusarium oxysporum ; Fusarium wilt; injection; lightning; Platypus parallelus; Pterocarpus indicus ; resistence.

Abstract:
The freshwater swamp forest found around the firing ranges at Nee Soon is the last remaining area of this forest formation in Singapore. The vascular plant flora of freshwater swamp forest in Singapore is reviewed, with particular reference to the Nee Soon forest. Some preliminary soil, water and foliar analyses indicate that the swamp forest at Nee Soon may have considerably higher amounts of phosphorous available to the vegetation than the dryland forest of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Nitrogen and Potassium availabilities appear to be similar at the two sites. The Nee Soon swamp forest is an extremely important site tor Singapore's native biota and should receive the highest priority for conservation.

Abstract:
A total of 149 specimens of ferns and fem-allies were collected during two trips to Gunung Kajang, Pulau Tioman. They were identified 24 families, 59 genera, 95, 1 subspecies and 11 varieties, excluding 2 species whose identity were uncertain. Asplenium contnbutes the largest number among genera, with 9 species, followed by Selaginella (6 species) and Selliguea (4 species) and 39 species were identified as new records to Pulau Tioman fern flora.

Abstract:
Morphological variation of fruits and seeds occurring in Pangium edule is described. The fruits of typical form, "kepayang lenga" are oblong with blunt apices, those of "kepayang papan" are subglobular and the apices are sharp while those of "kepayang bubur" are ellipsoidal and the apices are blunt. Seeds differ in their sizes too. 

Abstract:
Recent collections of Ternstroemia magnifica Stapf ex Ridley (Theaceae) and Kibatalia macrophylla (Pierre) Woodson (Apocynaceae) were made in Bangi Permanent Forest Reserve, Selangor, and Langkawi Islands, Kedah, respectively, representing new records for the flora of Peninsular Malaysia. Diagnostic descriptions and keys to species are presented with some morphological notes.

Abstract:
A new species, of Barringtonia, B. terengganuensis P. Chantaranothai, is described and illustrated from Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia.

Abstract:
Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. bears more or less radially symmetric polyad. The polyad is formed by eight equal sized, decussate tetrads, thus consisting of 32 pollen grains. In the present work, the ontogeny of the polyad is studied and the results show that the symmetry of the polyad is effected by the fact that the premeiotic nuclear divisions in the sporogenous cell precede cell-wall formation.

Abstract:
Zingiber (Boehm.) comprises nineteen species in Peninsular Malaysia. Seventeen of these are included in the section Zingiber while two belong to the section Cryptanthium Horan. A new species., Z. fraser i, from Fraser's Hill in Pahang, and a new variety, Zingiber officinale var. rubrum , are described. The latter is widely used in Malay traditional medicine. A new combination Z. montana (Koenig) Theil. comb. nov. is proposed based on the rediscovery of some of Koenig's collections from Phuket. Z. griffithii var. citrinum Holtt., and the four vareties of Z. gracile Jack recognized by Holttum have been ranked as species. Key to the species and varieties are provided, as well as species descriptions, distribution and specimen citations. The taxa have as far as possible been typified.

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Obituary

Abstract:
An annotated check-list of the native and naturalized vascular plant species of Peninsular Malaysia and the Republic of Singapore is presented. The catalogue includes important synonyms, a brief description and notes on the habitat and distribution of each species.

Abstract:
The genera recorded as native or naturalized in Malaya are listed in alphabetical order under the appropriate family. Family delimitation follows Brummitt (1992). Italicized names represent those genera represented solely by naturalized species. The number in parentheses after each generic name represents the numbers of species of that genus in the Malayan flora.  The number of genera, and the number of species, respectively, in each family are given square brackets after each family name.

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Abstract:
An annotated check-list of the native and naturalized vascular plant species of Peninsular Malaysia and the Republic of Singapore is presented.  The catalogue includes important synonyms, a briet description and notes on the habitat and distribution of each species.

Abstract:
An annotated check-list of the native and naturalized vascular plant species of Peninsular Malaysia and the Republic of Singapore is presented.  The catalogue includes important synonyms, a briet description and notes on the habitat and distribution of each species.

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