Abstract:
A need for data on the occurance and distribution of the freshwater algae of Malaysia exists. Such information would be of value particularly to the fisheries biologist, ecologist and plant geographer. The Taiping Lakes area is situated at the foot of the heavily forest clad Maxwell's Hill, the summit of which is about 1243 meters (4,076 feet) above mean sea level. The Hill and Taiping district generally are noted for their frequent and heavy rains, about 414 to 495 centimeters (163 - 195 inches) annually. Thus there is a constant source of water and the lakes never dry out completely.  However their water level may be controlled by means of wooden sluice gates. The Taiping Lakes consist of about a dozen lakes and ponds of various sizes, the biggest being West Lake, apporximatley 805 meters (880 yards) long and 225 meters (246 yards) wide.  Though few of the lakes are enclosed, most of them receive overflow water from the adjacent stream, drainage canals and lakes. Most of the lakes sampled were those of south, south-east and central area (Fig.1). Their waters were clearly acid, the PH ranging from 4 to 6; the colour of the water may be bluish where still and deep, brownish where there is suspended or dissolved humic and detrital material, or, rarely green with a 'bloom' of euglenoids. The limit of visibility varied from several centimeters to a meter or two. The substratum was mostly of soft mud, clay and silt; in a few instances, especially in the smaller ponds there was a thick layer of mowed grass, fallen leaves and twigs, and other decaying vegetation. Among the variety of animals encountered were Hydra sp., collected here for the first time in the Malayan Peninsula in December 1954, and subsequently in 1956 - 58 (Ratnasabapathy, M., unpublished data); Amoeba sp., Arcella sp., Paramecium sp., Coleps sp., Halteria sp., nematodes, rotifers, aquatic insects including Ranatra sp. and nymphs of Odonata; Cyclops, shrimps and crabs, Aplocheilus panchux, Rasbora trilineata, Ophiocephalus sp., half-beaks, catfishes; and tadpoles of frogs and toads. The lake area and surrounding lands were at one time mined for tin and the lakes are an outcome of this. The algae listed in this paper were collected during the period 22nd. September 1957 to 11th. January 1958. At that time the lake area was fairly well established and beautifully landscaped with grass slopes, lawns, flower beds and a golf course for recreation purposes. In recent years the central jungle has been turned into a zoo with introduced as well as native mammals and birds. Changes in the agal flora are thus expected and future follow-up collections should be interesting.  The senior author has described earlier (1958, 1960, 1962a, 1962b) several of the Euglenineae and Bacillariophyta listed here for the Taiping lakes, and, is currently working on a monograph of the Malayasian Desmidiaceae where the species from the Taiping Lakes will be described.

Abstract:
Eight species of Freycinetia Gaud, are reported from the Malayan Peninsula and adjacent Thailand and Singapore. This number is hardly different from that given by Ridely (8) in his Flora of Malay Peninsula; however he considered 7 of these as endemic specimen while after considerable comparative study, it now appears that only one of his species is endemic and that rather doubtfully. Hence most of the binomial species names used in Ridley's Flora have had to be changed. In this paper keys, description, and synonymy are indicated; and one new species, and two new varietal taxa are proposed.

Abstract:
Twenty-four species of Freycinetia Gaud. (pandanaceae) are reported from Borneo, more than twice as many as previously known. Four species are new to science; F. parviaculeata, F. biloba, F. kalimantanica, and F. kinabaluana. The following are intraspecific taxa are also proposed: F. confusa var. minima, F. javanica var. expansa, F. robinsonii var. meijeri, and F. palawanensis var. andersoniana. A brief phytogeographic discussion is included.

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Abstract:
Rubiaceae of the New Guinea region were the principal interest of Th. Valeton in the early part of this century. The Naucleae were considered in his treatise on the Rubiaceae (Bot. Jahr. 60,1925). More recent collections have revealed the presence of additional species in the area which are referable to the genus Neonauclea Merrill. The present paper considers this group in detail in an attempt to integrate the earlier information with a study of the more numerous later collectons, and reassesses the taxonomy of the genus Neonauclea and its relationship to other aborescent Naucleae. The complex generic synonymy is not considered in detail as this is the subject of a deatiled review being prepared by Bakhuizen van den Brink (personal communication). The Linnean genus Nauclea was based on heterogenous material; that which remains has been located by Bakhuizen van den Brink and found to be congeneric with Adina Salisb. Merrill's homonym excludes Nauclea L. and is a circumscription based on Sarcocephalus Afz. ex Sabine. Nauclea L. is not in current usage and is not conserved. Bakhuizen van den Brink suggests conservation of Nauclea Merrill against Nauclea L. and Sarcocephalus Afz. ex Sabine and conservation of Adina Salisb. against heterotypic Nauclea L. Whilst this would avoid emendation of binomials to some extent and conserve the current usage of the genera, it can hardly be said that reversion from Adina Salixb. to Nauclea L. and from Nauclea Merrill to Sarcocephalus Afz. ex Sabine is a less satisfactory solution. Sarcocephalus Afz. ex Sabine was in use up to 1915 and persisted in some areas until 1963. Adina Salisb., on the other hand, has some 170 years of use but most of its thirty or so members were originally ascribed to Nauclea L. Furthermore, the Malesian representatives of Adina are not congeneric with Nauclea L. and Bakhuizen van den Brink suggests that they should be accomodated in a new genus Metadina. Thus the alternative to the proposal, to conserve Nauclea Merrill and Adina Salisb., would, in most cases, require only reversion to earlier names. Later taxa would require recombination. Valeton (bot. Jahr. 60, 1925) severely critised Merrill's concept of Nauclea and Neonauclea but preferred the Nauclea concept of Korthals. There is a clear case, however, for the retention of Neonauclea and the erection of Metadina as morphologically and geographically well defined genera. The description is based on material from the region under discussion and field notes are included, being compiled from personal observation or from data supplied by reliable foresters. Frequently the material preserved on herbarium sheets is not sufficient to identify the collection as the plants are relatively rarely collected in the vegetative condition where the characters of the stipules may be observed. Combined keys are included so that it should be possible to identify the material in any condition.

Abstract:
Hyphaene natalensis Kuntze (1847) was misidentified with H. crinita Gaertn. (!791) by Martius (1849) apparently on the supposition that the types of both of these species had come from South East Africa, where both the Dutch and the British had settlements. This view of Martius' was widely accepted in the Floras of the regions, even though, contrary to Martius' view, Kirk (1863) had stated that H. crinita is an inland species. This was apparently due to Kirk's misidentification of the taxon named by Kuntze as H. natalensis and by Martius as H. crinita. According to Kirk's specimen in Kew, it is obvious that he had confused the species partly with a form of H. coriacea and partly with H. turbinata (mistaking the latter and H. schatan as forms of true H. coriacea). Since the species (H. natalensis) from Kaffraria and Natal was left unnamed by Kirk, Drude (1895) referred this species to a form H. coriacea (on vegetative characters given by Kirk). Since then more than one species of East Africa have been referred to H. crinita. In 1924 Beccari showed that no fruit from Africa would agree with H. crinita as depicted by its author, Gaertner. However, South African botanists themselves were not certain where Hyphaene species are found in the region; and relying on infromation of a South African botanist who had worked on the palms for the flora of the region, Beccari was convinced that the type of H. natalensis was not from Natal and so he typified the species on a specimen from Mozambique. However, it is shown here that H. natalensis is found in coastal regions of East Africa from Kaffraria to Maozmbique and the species has been retypified on Natal plant. The fact that Kuntze (1847) had given a detailed description of H. natalensis has generally been over looked, probably because this description is separated from its diagnosis and placed in the discussion where Kuntze gives the reasons for keeping separate H. thebaica and H. crinita (united by Martius, 1838). This original description, given by Kuntze, is reprinted here and a new description based on new material is given.

Abstract:
In this study two species of Hyphaene are described as new; one from israel (H. sinaitica) and the other from Ceylon (H. taprobanIca); both these are referred in previous literature as H. thebaica. The correct name of the third species, H. indica, is shown to be H. dichotoma (White) Furtado; this is common in the north west of India. A fourth species (H. reptans) has been recorded from the mountains of Arabia and has a flat , trailing stem which branches but the fruits are unkown.

Abstract:
Hyphaene guineensis Thonn. was described by Thonning himself who had visited the lower regions of Ghana towards the end of the 18th. century, but the species was published posthumously in 1829, over twenty years after the destruction of the type in the Copenhagen Herbarium during a bombardment of the city by a gunboat. Since then no duplicates have been located and a great deal of confusion had arisen over the precise identity of the species. Sometimes it has been regarded only an infra-equatorial species of West Africa, the fact being overlooked that the type was from the supra-equatorial region. However those who attribute it to the latter region, have identified it with different montane species, as if none is found in the lower regions. The account of a German expedition effected along the west coast of Africa in 1873 - 76 shows that a single, unbranched stemmend species, identified by them as H. guineensis, was quite common on the coastal lands from the Cape Palmas eastward to Ghana and Nigeria and southwards as far as Angola. Attempts were therefore made to locate specimens in the herbaria of the coastal states of supra-equatorial regions to obtain nuts from living trees. No specimens were available of any coastal species and botanists did not seem to have any species in the coastal region. But the Keeper of the Herbarium of the University of Ghana and his associates visited the places on the coast near Accra and on the banks of the Lower Volta (regions apparently studied by Thonning) and obtained specimens which represent some forms of H. guineensis. This induced me to study the specimens in the Kew herbarium collected in Upper Guinea. They could not be located previously when a search was made during my earlier attempt to identify the species in Lisbon. The result of my study shows that this species varies a great deal in Ghana, probably because of the ocean winds ( referred to also by the german explorers of 1873 -76). Some forms agree precisely with what I had described earlier as H. doreyi from Angola but others are quite different. However, a specimen from Kew Herbarium, collected in Ghana in 1866 and labelled as H. thebaica, has been chosen as the noetopotype of H. guineensis because it agrees most closely with the original description of the species. The wide distribution of the species is explained on the assumption that the species has originated in Angola and subsequently spread to the north through the Benguela Ocean currents. The Kew specimens also revealed the misleading nature of figures of H. macrosperma in Beccari's Borasseae (1924). As a result, the three forms which I had referred to H. crinita have been separated as H. crinita Gaertn., H. baikieana Furtado sp. nov. and H. togoensis becc. Other species confused with H. guineensis are H. macrosperma Wendl. (H. dahomeensis Becc.) and H. tuleyana Furtado sp. nov. The last is apparently the same taxon which Drude had identified as H. thebaica and which Tomlinson had referred together with H. togoensis to H. guineensis. Since H. thebaica has been widely confused, three forms of this species have been illustrated.

Abstract:
Dendrocnide was established by Miquel in 1851 to accommodate, as the epithet implies, the tree nettles. It was, however, considered congeneric with Laportea by Weddell who had it reduced accordingly. This resulted in Laportea becoming heterogeneous and consequently defineable only by elimination.  Having studied the whole group on a monographic basis, I conclude that Dendrocnide is quite distinct from Laportea and that its status should be re-established.  In my preliminary paper in 1965, when the transfer of the species was accomplished, reasons for my desicion were given. It suffices here to mention briefly that Dendrocnide distinguishes itself on the following score: (a) perennial ligneous trees with irritant hairs, (b) leaves petiolate, simple, alternate or spiral, (c) stipules entirely connate, intrapetiolar, (d) flowers 4- or 5-merous, free or in small glomerules, perianth not fleshy at maturity, (e) achenes usually reflexed, with ligulate stigmas. Thus it comes very close to Urera from which it differs in the last two points just mentioned. I could thirty-six species for this genus which is widely distributed in south-east Asia and the pacific as essentially lowland trees. It is particularly abundant, species-wise, in the Philippines and New Guinea. This monograph is based on the materials deposited in the following herbaria supplemented by field observations made in the Malay Peninsula, Bornea and Java.  Amsterdam, Holland (AMD). Arnold Arboretum, U.S.A. (A). Bangkok, Thailand (BKF). Berkeley, U.S.A. (UC). Berlin, Germany (B). Bogor, Indonesia (BO). Brisbane, Australia (BRI). British Museum, U.K. (BM).  Brussells, Belgium, (BR).Cambridge, U.K. (CGE). Cape Town, South Africa. Chicago, U.S.A. (F). Copenhagen, Denmark (C). Edinburgh, U. K. (E). Florence, Italy (FI). Geneva, Switzerland (G). Kepong, Malaysia (KEP). Kew, U.K (K). Kuching, Sarawak (SAR). Lae, New Guinea (LAE). Leiden, Holland (L). Lisboa, Portugal (LISC, LISJC and LISC). Lund, Sweden, (LD). Madrid, Spain (MA). Manila, Philippines (PNH). Melbourne, Australia, (MEL). Michigan, U.S.A. (MICH). Missouri, U.S.A (MO). Munich, Germany (M). New York, U.S.A. (NY). paris, France (P). Pondicherry, India (PON). Praba, Czechoslovakia (PRC). Sandakan, Sabah (SAN). Singapore (SING). Stockholm, Sweden (S). Sydney, Australia (NSW). Uppsala, Sweden (UPS). Utrecht, Holland (U). Washington DC, U.S.A. (US). Wrocklaw, Poland (WRSL). Zurich, Switzerland (Z). I would like to thank the directors of these herbaria for their generosity and co-operation in making available for my study their rich collection.  My gratitude is also extended to the following botanists for their advice and general assistance; Dr. J.A.R. Anderson (Sarawak), Mr. H.M. Burkill (U.K.), Prof. E. J. H. Corner (Cambridge), Dr. X. C. furtado (Singapore), Prof. H. Godwin (Cambridge), Dr. Dind Hou (Leiden), Prof. J. Leandri (Paris) and Prof. C. G. G. J. Steenis (Leiden).

Abstract:
Recently I have received specimens and photographs of orchids from Mr. K. C. Cheang (Penang) and Mr. A. G. Alphonso (Singapore).   These indicate that corrections should be made to some statements in my book Orchids of Malaya ( 3rd. edition, 1965), and involve the recognition of a new genus and a new species. From Singapore I have also received specimens of a furhther new species originating in Sabah. The new genus and new species are described in the present paper, with appropriate name-changes.

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Abstract:
Laportea was large and mixed. It defied definition and could only be identified by a system of elimination. Now, with the ligneous species removed and Fleurya and Sceptrocnide added to it, it is more natural, and can be defined thus: (a) herbs, rarely shrubs, with irritant hairs, (b) leaves petiolate, simple, alternate: lamina generally chartaceous with margin variously toothed; (c) stipules partially connate, bifid at the apex, intrapetiolar, (d) flowers unisexual, 4- or 5-merous, free or in loose glomerules, perianth not fleshy at maturity, (e) female pedicels winged, (f) achenes usually reflexed, often stipitate and sometimes on small gynophores, with ligulate stigmas, dispersed uaually with the perianth attached. A total of 22 species are accounted for in this genus which has two sections: sect. Laportea and sect. Fleurya.  The former section which contains 10 species, distinguishes itself from the latter, with 12 species, in the female pedicels being winged laterally. Essentially African, this genus of weedy herbs has a few species almost pan-tropical in distribution while others have extremely wide range of climatic tolerance.  This work is based on the materials of the floowing herbaria supplemented by some field studies in South-East Asia: Amsterdam, Holland (AMD). Arnold Arboretum, U.S.A. (A). Bangkok, Thailand (BKF). Berkeley, California (UC). Berlin, Germany (B). Bogor, Indonesia (BO). Brisbane, Australia (BRI). British Museum, U.K. (BM). Brussels, Belgium (BR). Cambridge, U.K. (CGE). Cape Town, South Africa (NBG & SAM). Chicago, U.S.A. (F). Calremont, U.S.A (POM & RSA). Copenhagen, Denmark (C). Edinburgh, U.K. (E). Florence, Italy (FI). Geneva , Switzerland (G). Kepong, Malaysia (KEP). Kew, U.K. (K). Kuching, Sarawak (SAR). Lae, New Guinea (LAE). Leiden, Holland (L). Lisboa, Portugal (LISC, LISJC & LISU). Lund, Sweden (LD). Madrid, Spain (MA). Manila, Philippines (PNH). Melbourne, Australia (MEL). Michigan, U.S.A. (MICH). Missouri, U.S.A. (MO). Munich, Germany (M). Noumea, N. Caledonia (NOU). New York, U.S.A. (NY). Paris, France (P). Praha, Czechoslovakia (PRC). Sandakan, Sabah (SAN). Singapore (SING). Stockholm, Sweden (S). Sydney, Australia (NSW). Uppsala, Sweden (UPS). Utrecht, Holland (U). Washington DC, U.S.A. (US). Wrocklaw, Polland (WRSL). Zurich, Switzerland (Z).  I am grateful to the directors of these herbaria for their generosity in making their valuable collections available for my work.  I am also grateful to the following botanists for their general assistance at various times on many matters: Prof. E.J.H.Corner (Cambridge), Dr. C. X. Furtado (Singapore), Prof. Leandri and Prof. R. Letouzey (both of Paris), Prof. C. G. G. J. van Steenis (Leiden) and Sir George Taylor (Kew).  My gratitude is also extended to the Royal Society of London for their generosity in granting me a Royal Society - Nuffield Foundation Commonwealth Bursary which enabled me in 1964 to visit and consult the rich collections in the herbaria in London, Paris, Geneva, Leiden and Utrecht. Lastly, I would like to thank my wife , Sigrid. for her translations of the French and German works consulted and for her general assistance in the listing of the collections.

Abstract:
Canarium reniformeC is described as new, from Dindings. Dillenia grandifolia is resurrected for a common Malayan simpoh. Alloburkillia replaces Burkillia as the name for a very rare leguminous shrub. Crudia sparei, the second climber in the genus, is described as new. Dialium angustisepalum is reduced into D. patens. Fordia johorensis and F. ngii are new species. Ormosia grandistipulata is a new rare endemic species. Abarema kiahii, optimistically proposed, is sunk into Pithecellobium globosum. Ctenolophon grandifolius is reduced to C. parvifolius. A new variety, Isonandra perakensis var. kelantanensis is described. Palaquium impressinervium and P. regina-montium are new endemis species.

Abstract:
Taxonomic accounts on the Labiatae from various parts of Malesia had been prepared by several authors such as Blume (Java), Miquel (Malay Islands), Prain (Malay Peninsula), Merrill (the Philippines), Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. (Java) and others. The present revision is an attempt to cover the whole Malesian region. It is mainly based on the materials accumulated in several leading herbaria. In some cases, as expected, a number of binomials proposed by different authors from separate geographical regions proved to be conspecific.  Besides, some authors had a narrow concept of species; a number of species described by them, naturally has to be reduced to either into the status of variety or form, or merely as synonyms. There are, however, some disturbing and puzzling problems that still remain to be solved. The main part of this work was completed while I was on my study leave between November 1962 and May 1963.  I am grateful to the authorities of the University of Singapore for granting the leave; to Prof. C.G.G.J. van Steenis, Director, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, and Sir George Taylor, Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for the facilities generously afforded me while working in their respective institutions; and to the authorities of several other institutions to which I only paid very brief visit during the leave.  My special thanks are due to Mr. H.M. Burkill, Director, Singapore Botanic Gardens, for the library and herbarium facilities kindly provided; to Dr. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. and Prof. C.G.G.J. van Steenis of the Rjikherbarium, Leiden for going through the manuscripts and for their numerous suggestions; and to many individuals who have kindly helped me in different ways: W.L. Chew (Singapore), L.L. Forman (Kew), R.E.Holltum (Kew), Ding Hou (Leiden), C.E. Hubbard (Kew), M. Jacobs (Leiden), J.H. Kern (Leiden), P. Leenhouts (Leiden), G. Lim (Singapore), W.T. Stearn (London), E.H. Walker (Washington, D.C.), R. Weibel (Geneva) and others. I also like to thank Mr. H.P. Chay, who typed the entire manuscript.  Lastly, I would like to pay deserved tribute to my wife, Ro-siu Ling keng for arranging the data of specimens which I have examined and copied and for her constant encouragement.

Abstract:
Plant diseases recorded for the first time in Sarawak and collected during 1966 and 1967, are given below. The records include a number of fungi associated with insects or pathogenic on other fungi. The causal organisms are listed alphabetically under their individual hosts and unless otherwise stated, have been recorded only once. In instances, where identification has been performed at the Commonwealth Mycological Institute, the Institute Herbarium serial number is given.  Three species were identified at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Abstract:
Sections: As a result of these studies the Sections given by Koehne (1903) and generally followed by most botanists have been revised. For priority reasons Sect. Sibia DC. has been re-established with Velaga as a synonym, and because of the affinities Koehne's sect. Pterocalymma has been made into a subsection of Sibia. Similarly Adambea DC. has been re-established with Adambeola Koehne and Muenchhausenia Koehne as synonyms. However, two new subsections have been added to it: Subsect. microcarpidium to include the small flowered and small fruited species which bear 12 - 14 superficial ridges to the flower buds and which were placed by Koehne together with unrelated species of Sibia Subsect. Sibia. A new subsection Banglamea has been created to include a group species confined to Indochina and South China, which differs from the species of Adambea proper in having tomentose sepals in the superior half within. The sect. Trichocarpidium Koehne has been subdivided into subsections to distinguish between the species which have glabrous calyces within (Subsect. Trichocarpidium) from those which are tomentose in the sepals in the superior half within, Trichosepalum. No species of this section is found wild in any parts, east of Burma, so that neither L. rottleri Clarke nor L. hirsuta (Lam) Willd. could actually be wild in India, especially since from the description they both should be Trichosepalum species which are limited to Lower Burma, Malaysia, Thailand, Indochina, and Indonesia. In fact L. rottleri is only a synonym of L. loudonii, a native of Thailand but widely spread in cultivation. L. hirsuta (Lam) Willd. has been shown to be a badly drawn figure of L. reginae with a description of the tomentum of another plant.
New species : L. alatulata, L. aruensis, L. borneensis, L. crassifolia, L. cristata, L. costa-draconis, L. inopinata, L. langkawiensis, L. moluccana, L. pterosepala, L. pustulata, L. subangulata. New varieties or forms: L. cochinchinensis var. ovalifolia, L. macrocarpa var. reflexa, L. noei var. longifolia, L. ovalifolia var. apiculata, L. ovalifolia var. exapiculata, L. ovalifolia var. minor, L. ovalifolia var. novoguineensis, L. ovalifolia var. riedeliana (Oliv.) comb. nov., L. ovalifolia var. ruptilis, L. piriformis f. batitinan (Vidal) comb. nov., L. piriformis var. callosa, L. piriformis var. valleculata, L. speciosa var. intermedia (Koehne) comb. nov.

Reduced species: L. engleriana = L. archeriana, L. hirsuta = L. reginae, L. punctulata = L. speciosa prob., L. rottleri = L. loudonii, L. thorellii = L. duperreana, L. thomsonii = L. microcarpa, L. lanceolata Brandis & Clarke = L. microcarpa.

New Name : L. gagnepainii nom. nov. (basinym L. glabra Gagn.)

Abstract:
The Malay Peninsula and Singapore have generally acid waters and because of this the aquatic flora is rich in desmids. From the material now being studied  I estimate that there are at least 200 taxa, some of which are undoubtedly new. A number differ in detail from forms already described and therfore need more critical study. The nine taxa being described here are however so distinctive that I feel it worthwhile publishing them in advance of a general paper. All the specimens were exmanied under an Ortholux microscope, and the drawings, my own including the inking, were made with a camera lucida on the same microscope, corrected where necessary by direct observation. Thus any defects in the drawings are my own responsibility. The photographs were taken through the same microscope using the Othomat automatic camera, and I am grateful to Mr. Mathew Chow Tian Pow of this Institute for developing and printing the film for me.

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Abstract:
This very small genus of central America was first established by Liebmann who named it Discocarpus in 1851, quite unaware of the fact that this name had already been used by Klotzsch for an euphorbiabeous genus also of the same region. This genus, however, was not acceptable to Weddell who reduced it to a section of Laportea in 1856. Having studied the latter genus on a monographic basis, I found that Liebmann was quite correct in keeping this separate from Laportea. In my paper in 1965, reasons were given for maintaining its generic status. It suffices here to merely mention that Discocnide distinguishes itself from all the others of the family in the achenes being very thin and disc-like with a hyaline pericarp. This genus, now found to have only one species, is quite closely related to Urera with which it has many characters in common such as the habit of growth, leaf-form and size, twigs and the female flowers. The somewhat ligulate stigma is perhaps the only link between this and Laportea or Dendrocnide. Due to the fact that the bulk of the materials here listed were not available for my study till end of 1965, a full treatment of this genus could not be presented in my preliminary paper of that year. This short paper is based on the materials of the following herbaria: Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium (GR). Botanical Museum & Herbarium, Copenhagen, Denmark (C). Chicago Natural History Museum, Chicago, U.S.A. (F). The Royal Botanic Gardens , Kew, U.K. (K). University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. (MICH). New York Botanical Garden, New York, U.S.A. (NY). Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (P). Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden (S). Smithsonian Instituition, Washington DC., U.S.A. (US). Botanischer Garten , Zurich, Switzerland (Z). Opportunity is here taken to thank the Directors and Curators of these institutes for their generosity in the loan of their valuable materials.

Abstract:
Blume established this genus in 1856 with one species N. repanda which he had preciously described as Urtica repanda. Weddell in his Monograph of the Urticaceae considered this congeneric with Pipturus and had it reduced accordingly. Here in Pipturus the genus Nothocnide stayed and was subsequently forgotten. It was not till 1933, that the genus (though not its name) was brought out again. Skottsbergm while revising the genus Pipturus, discovered, independently and quite unaware of Blume's publication, that the genus was unnatural and that a small group of climbing species could easily be distinguished from the others as a distinct genus. Thus Pseudopipturus was established to accomodate these climbers with Blume's Urtica repanda as the type species. This was followed by all subsequent authors including the compilers of Index Genericorum without their realising that the name Pseudopipturus is quite superfluous. Credit for the discovery of this "lost" name goes to Backer and Bakhuizen who, in their joint work Flora of Java (1965) quite rightly re-established it in place of Pseudopipturus. Only one combination, however, was made by them. It is partly for this reason that this paper is now presented i.e. to effect the remaining combinations. At the same time, opportunity is here taken to have the malesian species of the genus revised as a further material towards an ultimate monograph of the whole family.

Abstract:
This paper is complementary to one which appeared in the Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore 16 (1958) 205 namely "A Revision of the Malayan Myristicaceae", and if used in conjunction with it, will form a more complete account of all known species of Myrisitca in Malesia as well as outside Malesia. It follows two other papers on the family Myristicaceae, "The genus Gymnacranthera in "Malaysia", Gard. Bull. Sing. 17, 1 (1958) 96 and "The Genus Knema in Malaysia and outside Malaysia" Gard. Bull. Sing. 18, 3 (1961) 102. These two papers are also entitled "Florae Malesianae Precursores" - XX and XXXI respectively. Unlike Knema which has its second centre of distribution with 20 species in the Malay Peninsula out of a total of 37, Mysistica is poorly represented in the Peninsula with only 10 out of a total of 72 species. This being so, it will be realized that the short section dealing with the Malayan species in the first paper cannot purport to give a very comprehensive account or understanding of the genus as a whole or the relation of one species to another. The present study of Myristica, extended particularly to New Guinea, the great centre of origin and distribution of numerous species, and onward to the eastern and outer limits of the genus in the Solomons, Fiji, Tonga and Samoa, cannot but reveal many new and unexpected features not to be found in previous literature. More important, the general principles and common patterns of morphological variation which serve as a basis for the classification and division of the genus into sections and series will also be clearer. The relationship of species to species and series to series, if at first a tangle, will in the end, happily become apparent. The species here are arranged in the order in which they occur in their respective series and not alphabetically as was the case in Knema. It is hoped that departure from the alphabetical order will not cause undue inconvenience. Had I been using the system solely for myself, I should have continued with the alphabetical arrangement to save time when searching for any partiular species. I found it extremely difficult and puzzling at first in assigning the species to their respective series. Diagnostic characters are extremely uniform in Myrstica with a lot of overlapping in closely related species. Even when well on in the revision my comception of the relations of species to series was vague, uncertain and often wrong. Eventually the keys did much to finalize the affinities. Perhaps if all the closely related taxa with their illustrations are brought togther in the text, then the student will see their relations more clearly and quickly and get accustomed to the arrangement. If I have wrongly placed a certain species, it would be easier to detect the error when arranged in this manner. The flowering and fruiting stages of several species are still unknown and with the best judgment, it is not impossible to be misled when assigning such species to the correct series. (See under heading Work for the Future.) For various reasons and much to my regret the study of embryology and germination in the genus is beyond the scope the present taxonomic revision. It is a time-consuming study which requires large numbers of fresh, viable seeds often from forests afar. Furthermore, seeds in Myrisitca may become mature in the absence of an embryo. Even when present it is very difficult to extract the minute fragile germling from the hard surrounding stony mass of endosperm intact. One cannot hash and smash valuable type specimens which may only have a single fruit. It would have been most desirable to know if section I and section II differ from each other embryologically and if so what general principles can be applied. Pollen morphology also had to be left out, but only a detailed study would prove whether it is of use in distinguishing taxa lower than genera. In conclusion to these preliminary remarks, it is apportune at this stage to introduce and stress one important aspect on which the classification of Myristica in this paper is based. This is the division of the genus into two main sections based on the structure of the inflorescence. There are two main types of inflorescence, the woody, scar-covered, Knema-like, persistent axis which continues to elongate and to produce flowers from time to time (= section II) and the slender, fragile, non-scar-covered, more or less branched axis which does not persist and bears flowers only once (= section I). These two types will be discussed in detail later.

Obituary

Abstract:
Quercus L. is here compared with and regarded as a separate genus from Lithocarpus Bl., differing from the latter by its inflorescence, flower and pollen characters. The genus subdivided into two subgenera, viz. subgen. Quercus (= subgen. Eu-Quercus A. Camus) and Cyclobalanopsis (Oersted) Schneider. The cupule in the former is beset with imbricate scales, and the male flowers are solitary along the rachis. In the subgen. Cyclobalanopsis the cupule is lamellate, and the male flowers are in 4-1 flowered dichasial clusters. The generic splits in Quercus proposed by Oersted (1867, 1871), Schottky (1912) and Schwartz (1936 a, b) are not accepted. Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis extends from Japan (Kanto Prov., C. Honshu) south- and westwards to Korea, China, Formosa, Indo-China (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia), Thailand, Burma, NE India, and Western Malesia, with Indo-China as the centre. In Malesia the distribution does not extend further East than Borneo nor further North than Palawan. The centre of distribution in Malesia is in Borneo, from where 17 of the 19 species have been recorded. Q. kerangasensis and kinabaluensis are described for the first time. Q. valdinervosa is a new species based on Q. mespilifolia Wall. ex. A.DC. var. borneensis Heine. The characters in the group, in particular the nature of the cupule in various genera, are extensively discussed. The questions on the identity of several species are explained. Keys, synonyms, and descriptions are given.

Abstract:
The social, as distinct from the industrial, uses of the Rhodophyceae in Malaya have been comprehensively listed by I. H. BURKILL (1935) and in Malesia by J. S. ZANEVELD (1959), but the actual agar content of Malayan agarophytic species has nowhere been reported. Similarly the same authors have recorded (loc. cit.) the social uses of the Phaeophyceae, and some of the traditional industrial uses such as sources of potash, soda and iodine. The alginic acid content of Malayan alginophytes has not been recorded.  The object of this paper is to put on record some values for agarophytes in the first part and for alginophyres in the second.  The field work was undertaken by the first author: the analyses were done at the Tropical Products Institute, London.

Abstract:
No abstract

Abstract:
Six forms of Euglena Ehr., collected by the author in the Lake of Botanic Gardens in 1962, are described. They are (1) E. downiae sp. nov., named in honour of Mrs. V. V. Down a British resident of Singapore and an old friend of the author's family., (2) E. prowsei sp. nov., named in honour of Dr. G. A. Prowse, Director of the Freshwater Fish Culture Research Institute, Malaca, (3) E. proxima Dang, var. tropica. var. nov., (4) E. clara Skuja var. singaporensis var. nov., and (5) E. variabilis Klebs. On 25th. July 1962 the author arrived in Singapore on a journey from China to Brazil, and thanks to the kindness of Mrs. V.V. Down, he was enabled to visit the Singapore Botanic Gardens and her own private garden where material was collected for his future studies. Samples of water plants and pond mud were taken for cultivation of algae by addition of pepton at the Cryptogamic Laboratory of the Botanic Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The cultue was found to contain the material described. The holotype of Euglena downiae, E. prowsei, E. proxima var. tropica, and E. clara var. singaporensis are preserved at the Cryptogamic Laboratory of the Botanical Institute of Sao Paulo, Brazil (S.P.).

Abstract:
While the author was travelling from China to Brazil in 1962 via Hongkong, he visited The Peak, a mountain near the city, and collected samples of mosses. These were cultivated with the addition of pepton for flagellata at the Cryptogamic Laboratory of the Botanical Institute, Sao Paulo. Amongst the numerous aerial diatoms present in the culture a large colourless flagellate was found which was feeding on both the diatoms and green algae. This flagellate belongs to the genus Collodictyon proposed by Carter many years ago from India. During the past 20 years it has been found in many parts of Europe. The Hongkong specimens are here described as Collodictyon hongkongense sp. nov. The genus Collodictyon was referred by A. Pascher and E. Lemmermann (1914) to the family Tetramitaceae, order Protomastiginae. Pascher in 1927 transferred it to the colourless Volvocales. In the latest revision, made by Russian algologists of Charkov University (Dedusenko-Shregoleva, et al., 1959), Collodictyon is placed near to the colourless genera Polytomella Aragao and Cyromitus Skuja of fam. Polystomellaceae (Aragao) Volvocales. Studying the description of the genus Collodictyon in different books, the present author has come to the conclusion that the descriptions were made from different species which seem to be from different genera. For instance, in the description of 1914 (Pascher and Lemmermann) the cells of Collodictyon are stated to be strongly metabolic: in the revision of 1959 (Dedusenko-Shtegoleva et al.), it is written that the cells have a distinct periplast. The Hongkong specimens are not similar to Collodictyon triciliatum Carter as given by Pascher and Lemmermann.

Abstract:
Three new genera of primitive green flagellata are described: Protochroomonas, Angulomonas and Protoaceromonas, belonging to Fam. Pyramydomonadaceae Pascher, Ord. Polyblepharidales and class Volvocineae. One new species of the first named genus, two new species of the second and three new species of the last-named genus are described and illustrated together with a key to the genera.

Abstract:
The taxonomic value of the foliar sclereids has been emphasised by many early workers and this character has often been utilised to distinguish between suborders of a family, a species within the genus and also to assess the taxonomic position of varieties. Engler (1908, 1920) in the family Araceae, distinguished the subfamily Pothoideae from the Monsteroideae in that sclereids were present in the stems, leaves and roots of only the members of Monsteroideae. Again he furhter distinguished the tribe Monstereae from the Spathiphylleae in that numerous sclereids were present in the leaves and petioles of members of the Monstereae when compared with Spathiphylleae. Very few studies have been made in Monocots either to identify or delimit the species of different taxa. Recently, Nicolson (1960) and Rao (1964) have studied sclereids in some species of Raphidophora and Scindapsus. The present paper records the observations of a continued study on other Malesian species of the two above mentioned genera.

Book Review