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Galearia maingayi Hook.f.

Family Name:	Pandaceae
Common Name:	Minyak Beruk, Dadali, Merbatu, Peropok

Galearia maingayi or Minyak Beruk is a medium to large sized tree that is native to Singapore. Reaching up to 35 m tall, it produces leathery leaves with dense hairs covering the midrib and veinlets. Flowers are dioecious, very small, cup-shaped with hairy, hook-like petals held on an inflorescence. The male inflorescence is longer with each flower attached to thin stalk whereas female inflorescence are shorter, each flower attached to a thicker stalk. Fruit is a smooth, thick-walled flattened drupe that ripens from pale green to yellow-brown.

Full Sun

Moderate Water

Native to Singapore

Tree

Name

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Genus Epithet
Species Epithet
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Species Summary

Classifications and Characteristics

Plant Division	Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
Plant Growth Form	Tree (Medium (16m-30m), Big (>30m))
Maximum Height	35 m

Biogeography

Native Distribution	Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippines
Native Habitat
Preferred Climate Zone	Tropical

Local Conservation Status

Native to Singapore (Critically Endangered (CR))

Description and Ethnobotany

Growth Form	It is a medium to large sized tree with a light brown to brown-greenish or grey bark and can reach up to 35 m tall. Buttresses may be present up to 3 m tall.
Foliage	Leaves are leathery, egg-shaped to elliptic, oblong to lance-shaped, measuring 5.2 - 20.5 cm long, 2.1 - 6.7 cm wide held on a short angular petiole. The veinlets are looped, closed towards the margin, raised beneath. Densely hairs found along the midrib and veinlets on both surfaces.
Flowers	Flowers are dioecious, where the female and male flowers are borne on separate individuals. They are borne on an inflorescence produced on the tips of the branches. The male inflorescence measures between 13 - 21 cm in length, longer than the female inflorescence, 3- 8 cm long. Male Each flower is very small, 5-petalled, cup-shaped with hairy, hook-like petals bending inwards. The male flowers are greenish white to yellowish while the female flowers are pastel pink to brown held on a thicker flower stalk compared to a male flower.

Fruit	Fruit is a smooth, thick-walled flattened drupe with 3 - 5 ridges measuring to 4.5 cm long and 4 cm wide. The fruit turns from pale green to green and yellow-brown upon ripening held on a thick stalk of 4 - 5 mm wide.
Habitat	Occurs in primary forest, open secondary forest, dipterocarp forest, disturbed areas, swamps, commonly on ridges, upper valleys and hillsides, stream banks and roadsides up to 1200 m in altitude. <1, 2>
Cultivation	It can be propagated by seed.

Plant Care and Propagation

Light Preference	Full Sun
Water Preference	Moderate Water
Plant Growth Rate	Slow

Propagation Method

Seed

Foliar

Foliage Retention	Evergreen
Mature Foliage Colour(s)	Green
Prominent Young Flush Colour(s)	Green - Light Green

Foliar Type	Simple / Unifoliate
Foliar Arrangement Along Stem	Opposite
Foliar Attachment to Stem	Petiolate
Foliar Shape(s)	Non-Palm Foliage (Elliptical, Ovate, Oblong, Lanceolate)
Foliar Venation	Recticulate
Foliar Margin	Entire, Entire - Wavy / Undulate
Foliar Apex - Tip	Acuminate
Foliar Base	Acute, Attenuate

Non - Foliar and Storage

Stem Type & Modification	Woody
Root Type	Underground (Fibrous Root)

Floral (Angiosperm)

Flower & Plant Sexuality	Unisexual Flowers , Dioecious
Flower Colour(s)	Green, White

Flower Texture(s)	Hairy / Hirsute
Flower Grouping	Cluster / Inflorescence
Flower Location	Terminal
Flower Symmetry	Radial
Flowering Habit	Polycarpic

Fruit, Seed and Spore

Mature Fruit Colour(s)	Brown
Fruit Classification	Simple Fruit
Fruit Type	Fleshy Fruit , Drupe

References

References	<1> Syahida-Emiza, S. (2013). Pandaceae. Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, ser. 2, Seed Plants, vol. 4, pp. 345 - 348. Selangor: Forest Research Institute Malaysia. <2> Welzen, P.C. Van (2011). Galearia. In: Welzen, P.C. van, (ed.) Pandaceae. Flora Malesiana, ser. 1, Seed Plants, vol. 20, pp. 37. Leiden: Rijksherbarium.

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Master ID	34315
Species ID	8728
Flora Disclaimer	The information in this website has been compiled from reliable sources, such as reference works on medicinal plants. It is not a substitute for medical advice or treatment and NParks does not purport to provide any medical advice. Readers should always consult his/her physician before using or consuming a plant for medicinal purposes.

Species record last updated on: 15 May 2023.