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Campnosperma auriculatum (Blume) Hook.f.

Family Name:	Anacardiaceae
Synonyms:	Buchanania auriculata, Campnosperma auriculatum var. wallichii, Campnosperma oxyrhachis, Campnosperma wallichii
Common Name:	Terentang, Serentang, Terentang Daun Besar, Napan

Campnosperma auriculatum or Terentang is a tree of up to 38 m tall, native to Singapore. It has leaves that are thick, large drop-shaped measuring up to 1.2 m long with a pair of ear-like lobes at the base of the stalk. The wood of Terentang is used to make bases of blow-pipe darts, canoes and veneer.

Full Sun

Moderate Water

Native to Singapore

Tree

Name

Family Name
Genus Epithet
Species Epithet
Name Authority
Synonyms
Common Names
Comments
Species Summary

Classifications and Characteristics

Plant Division	Angiosperms (Flowering Seed Plants) (Dicotyledon)
Plant Growth Form	Tree (Big (>30m))
Lifespan (in Singapore)	Perennial

Mode of Nutrition	Autotrophic
Plant Shape	Irregular
Maximum Height	38 m

Biogeography

Native Distribution	Thailand, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Bangka Island, and Borneo
Native Habitat	Terrestrial (Primary Rainforest, Secondary Rainforest, Freshwater Swamp Forest)
Preferred Climate Zone	Tropical

Local Conservation Status

Native to Singapore (Least Concern (LC))

Description and Ethnobotany

Growth Form	It is a tree up to 38 m tall, with a flat-topped crown.
Foliage	Its spirally arranged, stalked leaves have thickly leathery leaf blades that are drop-shaped to narrowly drop-shaped, and 12–120 by 4.5–25 cm, with a pair of ear-like lobes (auricles) at the leaf stalk bases. Its leaf blades also mature from pinkish-brown, followed by brownish-green, to green, and finally wither yellow to brownish-yellow.
Flowers	Its much-branched, flowering shoots are up to 50 cm long, and bear lemon-yellow flowers.

Fruit	Its roundish, green fruits are 6–8 by 5–6 mm, and ripen dull reddish-purple.
Habitat	It grows in hill, primary, secondary and freshwater or peat swamp forests, from the lowlands up to 1,000 m altitude.
Associated Fauna	Its flowers are insect-pollinated.
Cultivation	It can be propagated by seed.
Etymology	Greek Campnosperma, bent seed, referring to the shape of the seed; Latin auriculatus, ear-shaped appendage, referring to the ear-like lobes found at base of the leaf stalk.
Ethnobotanical Uses	Timber & Products: The wood does not split easily, and is used for making the bases of blow-pipe darts, canoes, and veneer. Others: Oil exuded from the wood is known as terentang oil, and may be harmful to some people. It is occasionally cultivated as an ornamental tree.

Landscaping Features

Landscaping	This tree may be suitable for parks and large gardens, and tolerable to roadside conditions. Its large leaves, open crown that attracts establishment of epiphytes such as Staghorn fern make it attractive.
Landscape Uses	General, Parks & Gardens, Small Gardens, Shade Providing Tree / Palm
Thematic Landscaping	Naturalistic Garden

Fauna, Pollination and Dispersal

Pollination Method(s)	Biotic (Fauna)
Seed or Spore Dispersal	Biotic (Fauna)

Plant Care and Propagation

Light Preference	Full Sun
Water Preference	Moderate Water
Plant Growth Rate	Moderate to Slow

Rootzone Tolerance	Moist Soils, Well-Drained Soils
Propagation Method	Seed

Foliar

Foliage Retention	Evergreen
Mature Foliage Colour(s)	Green
Mature Foliage Texture(s)	Leathery

Foliar Type	Simple / Unifoliate
Foliar Arrangement Along Stem	Alternate
Foliar Attachment to Stem	Petiolate
Foliar Shape(s)	Non-Palm Foliage (Obovate, Oblanceolate)
Foliar Venation	Pinnate / Net
Foliar Margin	Entire
Foliar Apex - Tip	Acute
Foliar Base	Auriculate
Leaf Area Index (LAI) for Green Plot Ratio	3.0 (Tree - Intermediate Canopy)

Non - Foliar and Storage

Stem Type & Modification	Woody
Root Type	Underground (Tap Root)

Floral (Angiosperm)

Flower & Plant Sexuality	Bisexual Flowers , Bisexual Flowers
Flower Colour(s)	Yellow / Golden

Flower Grouping	Cluster / Inflorescence
Flower Location	Axillary
Flower Symmetry	Radial
Inflorescence Type	Panicle
Flowering Habit	Polycarpic

Fruit, Seed and Spore

Fruit Classification	Simple Fruit
Fruit Type	Fleshy Fruit , Non-Accessory Fruit

References

References	Chayamarit, K (2010). Anacardiaceae. Flora of Thailand, 10(3), pp. 276 - 277. Bangkok: Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.

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Master ID	1485
Species ID	2778
Flora Disclaimer	The information in this website has been compiled from reliable sources, such as reference works on medicinal plants. It is not a substitute for medical advice or treatment and NParks does not purport to provide any medical advice. Readers should always consult his/her physician before using or consuming a plant for medicinal purposes.

Species record last updated on: 25 August 2022.